GHK-Cu 100mg

Cited findings

1. Collagen synthesis

   Stimulated collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures from picomolar concentrations, peaking at one nanomolar — independent of cell number.

   In vitroFEBS Lett 1988 · PMID 3169264 ↗

2. Gene-expression profile

   Analysis of gene-expression datasets reported GHK shifting the transcription of many genes toward a more youthful pattern.

   Dataset analysisBiomed Res Int 2014 · PMID 25302294 ↗

3. Matrix remodelling

   In experimental tissue models the GHK-copper complex modulated the matrix metalloproteinases that turn over and rebuild the extracellular matrix.

   AnimalJ Invest Dermatol 1999 · PMID 10383745 ↗

4. Multi-pathway modulator

   Reviewed as a natural modulator of multiple cellular pathways involved in tissue regeneration.

   ReviewBiomed Res Int 2015 · PMID 26236730 ↗

5. Declines with age

   GHK occurs in human plasma and its level falls with age — the reason it features in ageing-biology research.

   ReviewJ Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2008 · PMID 18644225 ↗

A copper-carrying tripeptide found naturally in human plasma — and one of the most-studied molecules in collagen and extracellular-matrix research.

Each vial contains 100mg of lyophilised GHK-Cu, supplied as a sterile powder for reconstitution. GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine:Copper II) is a naturally occurring copper complex found in human plasma, saliva and urine. It was first isolated from human albumin and has since been characterised in the literature as a biological regulator with documented activity on gene expression, reported across more than 4,000 human genes in published in-vitro work. Its measured plasma concentration declines with age — from approximately 200 ng/mL at age 20 to 80 ng/mL by age 60. Preclinical research examines its role in collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycan synthesis and in extracellular-matrix remodelling, and studies its effect on gene-expression profiles in cell and tissue models. Findings in the published literature are from laboratory and animal models and are not statements about outcomes in people.

Mechanism, as studied

GHK binds copper(II) with high affinity and acts as a carrier and signal — delivering copper to cells and nudging their gene expression toward building matrix.

1. STEP 01Glycyl-histidyl-lysine chelates copper(II) into a stable complex
2. STEP 02Delivers copper to cells for copper-dependent enzymes
3. STEP 03Shifts fibroblast gene expression toward collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis
4. STEP 04Balances new matrix against MMP-driven turnover

Also known as