AOD-9604 vs 5-Amino-1MQ

Both are non-incretin fat-metabolism research compounds with no approval. AOD-9604 is a peptide fragment of growth hormone; 5-amino-1MQ is a small molecule that inhibits the enzyme NNMT, with data so far limited to rodent and cell studies.

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AOD-9604

A modified C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (residues 177–191 plus an N-terminal tyrosine) studied for fat metabolism without GH’s growth or glucose effects.

BEST STUDIED FOR

Incretin & metabolic

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5-Amino-1MQ

A small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), studied in obesity and metabolism models.

BEST STUDIED FOR

Incretin & metabolic

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SIDE BY SIDE

	AOD-9604	5-Amino-1MQ
The key difference	GH fragment acting on fat metabolism	Small-molecule NNMT inhibitor
Class	Incretin & metabolic	Incretin & metabolic
Mechanism	The 177–191 region of GH is associated with lipolytic activity.	NNMT methylates nicotinamide using SAM, linking cellular energy (NAD+) balance and methylation capacity.
Status	Reached phase 2 obesity trials in the early 2000s; not approved as a medicine. Also studied in an animal osteoarthritis model.	Preclinical: diet-induced-obese mouse studies (alone and with diet change). No human trials published.
Reported safety signals	Development-era trials reported it as tolerated; it is detected in anti-doping testing. Human efficacy for weight was not established.	No human safety data. NNMT is also implicated in cancer biology, an active, separate research area.
A key study	In obese mice, chronic AOD9604 increased fat oxidation and reduced body weight, and the effect was not mediated by the GH receptor. (Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001, PMID 11673763)	In diet-induced obese mice, the NNMT inhibitor 5A1MQ was studied for body composition, liver pathology and pharmacokinetics. (Diabetes Obes Metab 2024, PMID 39161060)

WHEN TO RESEARCH WHICH

AOD-9604 has failed human trials to learn from; 5-amino-1MQ has only preclinical data — both suit mechanism research, not outcome claims. Both are discussed here strictly as research compounds; nothing on this page is medical advice or a dosing guide.

REFERENCES (PUBMED)

[AOD-9604] Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment — Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001. PMID 11673763
[AOD-9604] Reduction of cumulative body weight gain and adipose tissue mass in obese mice: response to chronic treatment with synthetic hGH 177-191 peptide — Biochem Mol Biol Int 1994. PMID 7987248
[AOD-9604] Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model — Ann Clin Lab Sci 2015. PMID 26275694
[5-Amino-1MQ] Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition mitigates obesity-related metabolic dysfunction — Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. PMID 39161060
[5-Amino-1MQ] Reduced calorie diet combined with NNMT inhibition establishes a distinct microbiome in DIO mice — Sci Rep 2022. PMID 35013352
[5-Amino-1MQ] Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase: At the crossroads between cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation — Mol Metab 2021. PMID 33453420

FREQUENTLY ASKED

What is the difference between AOD-9604 and 5-Amino-1MQ?

What is the regulatory status of AOD-9604 and 5-Amino-1MQ?

AOD-9604: Reached phase 2 obesity trials in the early 2000s; not approved as a medicine. Also studied in an animal osteoarthritis model. 5-Amino-1MQ: Preclinical: diet-induced-obese mouse studies (alone and with diet change). No human trials published.

What safety signals have been reported?

AOD-9604: Development-era trials reported it as tolerated; it is detected in anti-doping testing. Human efficacy for weight was not established. 5-Amino-1MQ: No human safety data. NNMT is also implicated in cancer biology, an active, separate research area.

Which studies is this comparison based on?

For AOD-9604: “Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment” (PMID 11673763); “Reduction of cumulative body weight gain and adipose tissue mass in obese mice: response to chronic treatment with synthetic hGH 177-191 peptide” (PMID 7987248); “Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model” (PMID 26275694). For 5-Amino-1MQ: “Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition mitigates obesity-related metabolic dysfunction” (PMID 39161060); “Reduced calorie diet combined with NNMT inhibition establishes a distinct microbiome in DIO mice” (PMID 35013352); “Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase: At the crossroads between cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation” (PMID 33453420).